Ulusal ve Uluslararası Sosyoloji ve Ekonomi Dergisi

Analysis of The Relationship Between The Transportatıon Sector and Economic Growth

Levent AKSU — 2026-03-02

The transportation sector is one of the fundamental determinants of economic growth dynamics as it facilitates trade expansion, increases production efficiency, and supports the mobility of capital and labor. This study examines the relationship between transportation investments and economic growth within both theoretical and empirical frameworks. Classical, neoclassical, endogenous growth theories, and new economic geography approaches are jointly evaluated to analyze the effects of transportation infrastructure on economic development. In this context, transportation investments are considered a crucial component of physical capital accumulation and are assessed in terms of their contribution to total factor productivity.

Within the econometric analysis, unit root tests, VAR, VECM, and causality tests are employed to examine the short-run and long-run relationships between transportation infrastructure investments and economic growth indicators. The empirical findings reveal a strong bidirectional relationship between transportation investments and economic growth. Transportation infrastructure promotes economic growth by increasing trade capacity and improving market accessibility, while economic growth encourages further transportation investments and accelerates infrastructure modernization.

The results also indicate that transportation investments significantly contribute to employment growth, development of the logistics sector, and regional economic convergence. Recent technological advancements in transportation systems, including digitalization, smart transportation technologies, and high-speed transportation networks, have enhanced the efficiency of global supply chains and strengthened economic integration. These findings demonstrate that transportation investments are both a cause and a consequence of economic growth. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of strategic and well-planned transportation policies in achieving sustainable economic growth. Integrating transportation infrastructure investments with technological innovation and supporting them with long-term development strategies plays a critical role in maintaining economic stability.

Qualitative Examination of Classroom Teachers' Classroom Management Strategies

Demet TOPRAK — 2026-03-02

he purpose of this study is to examine primary school teachers’ classroom management strategies from a qualitative perspective and to explore how these strategies are implemented, the challenges encountered, and the contextual factors influencing them. The research was conducted using a case study design. The study group consisted of 12 primary school teachers working in Ankara during the October–December period of 2025. Participants were selected through purposive and maximum variation sampling methods. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview form and analyzed using content analysis.

The findings indicate that teachers perceive classroom management not merely as a discipline-oriented process, but as a multidimensional structure shaped by preventive planning, communication- and relationship-based approaches, student-centered instructional practices, and contextual conditions. Frequently used strategies include establishing classroom rules collaboratively with students, creating routines, applying positive reinforcement, adopting empathy-based communication, and implementing motivational activities. However, crowded classrooms, time management difficulties, and insufficient parental cooperation were identified as major challenges.

In conclusion, classroom management is closely related to teachers’ professional experience, self-efficacy perceptions, and structural conditions of schools. Effective classroom management appears to be achievable through preventive, relational, and student-centered approaches.

At The Limits of Psychiatry: The Antıpsychiatry Movement, Critiques, and Contemporary Reflections

Özlem ÇAVUŞ — 2026-03-02

This study examines the transformation in the perception of mental illness and treatment approaches throughout history, focusing on the main arguments of the anti-psychiatry movement that emerged in the 1960s and its reflections in the present day. While mental disorders were once explained through magical and religious factors in ancient times, modern medicine has emphasized biological and psychological explanations. However, over time, psychiatry has faced increasing criticism for evolving into a discipline that suppresses individuals who deviate from social norms. The aim of this study is to understand the critiques directed at psychiatry, to introduce alternative approaches developed on the basis of individual rights, and to question the ethical dimension of modern psychiatry. The anti-psychiatry approach, shaped particularly by thinkers such as Thomas Szasz, Michel Foucault, R.D. Laing, and David Cooper, argues that "mental illness" is not a scientific fact but a social and cultural construct. Modern critical approaches such as feminist theory, post-psychiatry, and identity politics expose the gender-biased, biomedical, and discriminatory aspects of psychiatry and propose more participatory and human-centered models. Furthermore, the study discusses in detail the criticisms of psychiatric drug use. Serious side effects caused by antidepressants and antipsychotics—such as weight gain, dermatological issues, sexual dysfunction, and suicidal tendencies—are explained with examples. The study also highlights concrete cases revealing the pharmaceutical industry's interference in academic research, conflicts of interest, and unethical practices. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the holistic evaluation of psychiatry as a powerful institution in terms of its ethical, social, and individual aspects. The anti-psychiatry movement's critique of psychiatric practices on the basis of human rights and its role in strengthening awareness of patient rights has laid the groundwork for the democratization of the field. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that psychiatric knowledge and practices must be evaluated not only through neurobiological foundations but also within social and cultural contexts. Placing individual consent, subjectivity, and lived experiences at the center of treatment processes represents both an ethical and humane approach.