16th Century Europe and The Similarities of Tax Rebellions

Abstract

The 16th century was a period in Europe when feudalism began to collapse and absolute monarchies became stronger. It was also the century of the birth of capitalism. This century witnessed numerous economic, social, and political developments for Europe. Following geographical discoveries, new enrichment factors, endless wars, and the resulting war expenses impacted national economies. Furthermore, the reform movements and subsequent counter-reformation movements of this century also had an impact on societies. The tax rebellions that occurred in many European countries during this century are directly related to these developments. It has been observed that not all tax rebellions were solely tax-based but were related to many other factors. It has been concluded that the 16th-century tax rebellions in Germany, France, England, and Spain shared many similarities. The first of these similarities is class struggle. Another common characteristic is that the perception of tax injustice led to social rebellions. Furthermore, the conflict between Protestant and Catholic sects, along with the reform movement, was reflected in the rebellions during this period. It has also been observed that Calvinist ideas during this period were sectarian but related to class struggle. In addition, it has been seen that the tax regulations made to finance the long-lasting wars in Europe in this century were not reflected fairly in society but were generally reflected on subgroups.